The Vampire Pleco L007 (Leporacanthicus galaxias) is a striking loricariid catfish originating from fast‑flowing, rocky rivers in Brazil, such as the Rio Guamá system. Its jet‑black to dark grey body is covered in contrasting white to yellow spots that become finer and more defined with age, creating an elegant “galaxy” effect.​

Adult specimens typically reach around 20–28 cm in length and can live for well over 10 years when provided with stable water conditions and appropriate care. The species gets its common name from the two enlarged teeth in the upper jaw, used to rasp meaty foods and in feeding behaviour, giving it a distinctive “vampire” appearance that makes it highly desirable in display aquaria.​

Ideal aquarium setup

For long‑term success, this species should be housed in a spacious, mature aquarium of at least 300 litres / 75 gallons, with larger tanks recommended for adult fish or when keeping multiple bottom dwellers. A soft sand or fine gravel substrate is recommended, combined with plenty of smooth rocks, caves, and substantial driftwood to create shaded retreats and clear territories.​

Water should be warm (around 26–30 °C), soft to moderately hard, and slightly acidic to neutral (approximately pH 5.5–7.5), with excellent filtration, high oxygen levels, and strong water movement that mimics its natural riverine habitat. Dim or subdued lighting helps the fish feel secure and encourages more natural behaviour; this can be enhanced by using floating plants and dark décor to provide extra cover.​

Diet and feeding

Vampire Plecos are predominantly carnivorous and require a meaty diet to stay healthy and maintain good body condition. Offer a varied menu of high‑quality sinking carnivore pellets, algae or catfish wafers with added protein, and frozen or fresh foods such as bloodworm, shrimp, mussel, and other suitable invertebrates.​​

While not strict herbivores, they do benefit from occasional vegetable matter, such as blanched courgette, spinach, or spirulina‑enriched wafers, to support digestion. Feed mainly after lights‑out or in low light, as this species is largely nocturnal and most active at night, and ensure food reaches the bottom so it is not outcompeted by faster mid‑water fish.​​

Behaviour and tank mates

Leporacanthicus galaxias is generally peaceful towards unrelated fish but may become territorial with other large plecos or similar bottom‑dwelling species, particularly in cramped or decor‑poor aquariums. Suitable tank mates include medium‑sized, active characins and robust community fish that occupy the mid and upper water layers, avoiding very small fish that might be at risk or very slow, delicate species.​

When keeping more than one Vampire Pleco, provide a significantly larger aquarium with multiple caves and visual barriers so each fish can claim a separate territory and retreat from others. Regular partial water changes and strict maintenance routines are essential, as this relatively large pleco produces a substantial amount of waste and is sensitive to poor water quality, especially elevated nitrogenous compounds.​